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Tropical sprue
Definition
Tropical sprue is a condition affecting the absorption of nutrients (malabsorption) that is common in the tropics and subtropics.
Causes
The cause of this disease is unknown, but it may be caused by an infection. The condition affects residents of or visitors to the tropics. Risk factors are:
- Living in the tropics
- Long periods of travel to tropical destinations
Symptoms
- Abdominal cramps
- Diarrhea, worse on high-fat diet
- Excessive gas (flatus)
- Indigestion
- Irritability
- Muscle cramps
- Numbness
- Paleness
- Weight loss
In children, sprue leads to:
- Delay in the maturing of bones (skeletal maturation)
- Growth failure
Exams and Tests
- CHEM 20
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Enteroscopy
- Stool
- Upper endoscopy
- Upper GI series
Treatment
Treatment begins with plenty of fluids and electrolytes. Replacement of folate, iron, vitamin B12, and other nutrients may also be needed. Antibiotic therapy with tetracycline is given at the beginning of treatment.
Oral tetracycline is usually not prescribed for children until after all permanent teeth have appeared. It can permanently discolor teeth that are still forming.
Outlook (Prognosis)
The outcome is expected to be good with treatment.
Possible Complications
Vitamin and mineral deficiencies are common complications.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call your health care provider if:
- Tropical sprue symptoms get worse or do not improve with treatment
- You develop new symptoms
- You have diarrhea or other symptoms of this disorder for a long period of time, especially after spending time in the tropics
Prevention
Other than avoiding living in or traveling to tropical climates, there is no known prevention for tropical sprue.
Reviewed By: Christian Stone, MD, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
