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Esophageal spasm
Definition
Esophageal spasms are abnormal contractions of the muscles in the esophagus (the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach). These spasms do not move food effectively to the stomach.
Alternative Names
Diffuse esophageal spasm; Spasm of the esophagusCauses
The cause of esophageal spasm is unknown. Very hot or very cold foods may trigger an episode in some people. It can be hard to tell a spasm from angina. The pain may spread to the neck, jaw, arms, or back.
Symptoms
- Difficulty swallowing or pain with swallowing
- Heartburn
- Pain in the chest or upper abdomen
Exams and Tests
- Esophageal manometry
- Esophagogram
Treatment
Nitroglycerin given under the tongue (sublingual) may be effective in an acute episode. Long-acting nitroglycerin and calcium channel blockers are also used to treat esophageal spasms. Long-term (chronic) cases are sometimes treated with low-dose antidepressants such as nortriptyline to reduce symptoms.
Rarely, severe cases need surgery.
Outlook (Prognosis)
An esophageal spasm may come and go (intermittent) or last for a long time (chronic). Medicine can help relieve symptoms.
Possible Complications
The condition may not respond to treatment.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Call for an appointment with your health care provider if you have symptoms of esophageal spasm that don't go away.
Prevention
Avoid very hot or very cold foods if you get esophageal spasms.
Reviewed By: Christian Stone, MD, Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
