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Pharyngitis

Definition

Pharyngitis is an inflammation of the pharynx. The pharynx is in the back of the throat, between the tonsils and the voicebox (larynx).

The condition frequently results in a sore throat.

Alternative Names

Pharyngitis - bacterial

Causes

There are many causes of pharyngitis. This article discusses pharyngitis caused by bacteria. Bacteria that can cause pharyngitis include Group A streptococcus, which leads to strep throat in some cases. Other, less-common bacteria that cause sore throats include corynebacterium, arcanobacterium, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Chlamydia pneumoniae.

For other causes of pharyngitis, see:

Most cases of pharyngitis occur during the colder months. It often spreads among family members.

Symptoms

The main symptom is a sore throat.

If strep throat develops, other symptoms may include:

Exams and Tests

Your health care provider will perform a physical exam and look at your throat.

Tests to rule out strep throat may be done. Additional laboratory tests may be done depending on the suspected cause.

Treatment

The treatment depends on the underlying cause of the sore throat. Warm salt water gargles, pain relievers, and fluids can be helpful. Antibiotics are prescribed if you are diagnosed with strep throat.

Outlook (Prognosis)

Most cases of pharyngitis go away on their own without complications.

Possible Complications

Complications of pharyngitis may include:

  • Abscess around the tonsils or behind the pharynx
  • Blockage of the airway (in severe cases)

When to Contact a Medical Professional

Notify your provider if you develop a sore throat that does not go away after several days, or if you have a high fever, swollen lymph nodes in your neck, or a rash.

If you have a sore throat and trouble breathing, seek immediate medical care.

References

Alcaide ML, Bisno AL. Pharyngitis and epiglottitis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2007;21(2):449-69,vii.

Del Mar CB, Glasziou PP, Spinks A. Antibiotics for sore throat. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008:(3):CD000023.

Gerber MA. Diagnosis and treatment of pharyngitis in children. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2005;52(3):729-47, vi.

Institute for Clinical Systems Improvement. Health careguideline:Diagnosis and treatment of respiratory illness in children and adults. Jan 2008. Accessed Nov. 9, 2008.

Review Date: 11/9/2008
Reviewed By: Linda Vorvick, MD, Family Physician, Seattle Site Coordinator, Lecturer, Pathophysiology, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington School of Medicine. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
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